Gebruiksaanwijzing /service van het product Snap Deloy for Workstation van de fabrikant Acronis
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2 © Acronis, Inc Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2009. All rights reserved. “Acronis”, “Acronis Compute with Confid ence”, and the Acronis log o are trademarks of Acronis, Inc . Linux is a registered trade mark of Linus Torvalds. Windows is a registered tr ademark of Microsoft Corpor ation.
© Acronis, Inc 3 Table of Contents 1. Introducing Acronis® Snap Deploy® ............................................................................... 6 1.1 Ov erview ................................................................................
4 © Acronis, Inc 3.5.3 Adding licenses in c ommand line mo de ........................................................................ 28 3.6 Installation of Acro nis OS Deploy Serv er .................................................................
© Acronis, Inc 5 13.2 Scheduled deployment within one subnet ......................................................................... 77 13.3 Scheduled deployme nt in othe r subnet ....................................................................
6 © Acronis, Inc 1. Introducing Acronis® Snap Deploy® This chapter gives a general idea of h ow an IT depa rtment can meet vari ous real life challenges using the Acronis Snap Deploy.
© Acronis, Inc 7 1.2 What you can do with Acronis Snap Deploy 3 1.2.1 Take an image of the master sy stem (Acronis Snap Deploy 2.0 functionality) First, you create the desired system configuration and save th e image of the system h ard disk on a network share, detachable or removable media.
8 © Acronis, Inc 1. An organization receives a shipment of comput ers from a manufact urer along with the list of their MAC addresses. The IT department has to deploy the oper ating system to the new hardware. 2. An Internet café, school or university lab ha s 100 co mputers with known MAC addresses.
© Acronis, Inc 9 The administrator creates a script that performs pre-d eployment operations, add s the script along with deployment script to the PE and includes both scripts in the startnet.cmd file. On booting into the PE, both operations will be performed automatically.
10 © Acronis, Inc 1.2.8 Deployment of a disk partition or MBR ( new in v 3) You do not necessarily have to deploy th e entire disk . Provided the master and the target di sks have a similar partitioning scheme, you can image and deploy only the sy stem partition or only the data, depending on your needs.
© Acronis, Inc 11 Acronis Snap Deploy components comm unicate to each other using the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) cryptographic protocol. Encr yption starts on the first (earlies t) stage of connection attempt , so all data transferred in the next steps (including data requ ired for client au thentication) is encrypted.
12 © Acronis, Inc 1.5 License policy Acronis Snap Deploy licensing is based on th e number of deployed and/or managed computers (servers or workstations.) For example, to deploy a system on 100 computers you need 100 deployment licenses. No additional license s are required to manage the deployed computer s or re- deploy any of them.
© Acronis, Inc 13 1.6.1 Upgrading licenses Buy the necessary number of upgrade license s and import the licenses to y our license server. The table below illustrates how the various combin atio ns of licenses will be upgraded. Use th e table to calculate the number of 3 upgrade licenses you need.
14 © Acronis, Inc maintenance and demonstration code retrieval via a WAN-ac cessible FTP server; and access to a problem resolution database via Acroni s customer support system .
© Acronis, Inc 15 2. Underst anding Acronis Snap Deploy This chapter describes the Acronis Snap Deploy in frastructure components and their interaction. 2.1 Terminology The following table lists the common terms an d descriptions used in this document.
16 © Acronis, Inc 2.2 Components Acronis Snap Deploy includes the followi ng components: 1. Acronis Snap Deploy Management Console is an administrati ve tool for remote access to Acronis servers and Acronis Snap Deploy Management Agent.
© Acronis, Inc 17 2.3 Support for file sy stems and storage media 2.3.1 Supported file systems Acronis Snap Deploy provides full-featured imagin g an d deployment of the following file systems: - FAT16/32 - NTFS - Ext2/Ext3 - ReiserFS - Reiser4 - Linux SWAP - XFS - JFS 2.
18 © Acronis, Inc 2.4.1 Offline imaging Offline imaging means that the master system i s st opped and the master comp uter boots into Acronis (or PE) environment.
© Acronis, Inc 19 2.4.2 Online imaging Online imaging means that the master sy stem is imaged live (without reboot or suspending operations.) Online imaging can be performed remot ely whenever you need. The disadvantage is th at you have to install imaging software that (1) tak es a license and (2) is included in the master image.
20 © Acronis, Inc Create bootable media with Acronis Snap Deploy Ag ent (or PE with Acronis Sn ap Deploy command line utility) or Install Acronis PXE Server, connect the console to th e PXE server and upload Acronis Sn ap Deploy Agent (or PE with Acronis Snap Deploy command line utility.
© Acronis, Inc 21 2.5 What is Acroni s Universal Deploy This section describe s the Acronis proprietary techno logy that helps deploy and boot up Windows on dissimilar hardware. Acroni s Universal Deploy save s you from configuring a new master sy stem for each make of hardware you have to deploy on.
22 © Acronis, Inc 2.5.3 Acronis Universal Deploy and Microsoft Sy sprep Acronis Universal Deploy is not a system preparat ion tool. You can apply it to any system image created by Acronis products, however, y ou cannot apply it to images of systems prepared with Microsoft System Preparation Tool (Sy sprep).
© Acronis, Inc 23 3. Inst allation 3.1 System requirements The Acronis Snap Deploy components c an be insta lled on computers running the following operating systems: The type of license required for.
24 © Acronis, Inc 3.3 General rules of installation 3.3.1 Installation file Acronis Snap Deploy installation file incl udes the following components and the components’ features: Acronis Snap Deplo.
© Acronis, Inc 25 1. The minimal configuration that enables only offline imaging and standalone deployment : Acronis Snap Deploy Management Console (cu stom installation, including: Media Builder for Acronis Image Creator Media Builder for Acronis Standalone Utility.
26 © Acronis, Inc to the management agent i nstalled on the master computer. The management agent will be included in the master image and deployed on all target c o mputers. This will enable you to manage fil es and execute applications on tar get computers at any time after deploym ent.
© Acronis, Inc 27 The Acronis License Server Management Tool is a simple command-line util ity for controlling Acronis License Server. Ac ronis License Server Management Console provides an easy-to-u se GUI. Alternatively, you can control Acronis Licens e Server using Acronis Snap Deploy Management Console.
28 © Acronis, Inc 3.5.3 Adding licenses in command line mode If you have installed Acronis Licen se Server Management Tool, you can add licenses to the Acronis License Server in the command line mode. 1. Run cmd.exe (Windows Command Prom pt) 2. Go to the folder where Acronis Licen se Server is installed.
© Acronis, Inc 29 3.7 Installation and set up of Acronis PXE Server Acronis PXE Server allows the network booting of the Acronis Snap Deploy Agent, Acroni s Master Image Creator or Preinstallation Environment on target computers.
30 © Acronis, Inc In some BIOS versions, you have to save changes to BIOS after en abling the network interface card so that the card appears in the list of boot devices. If the hardware has multiple network interface cards, make sure th at the card supported by the BIOS has the network cable plugged in.
© Acronis, Inc 31 To install Acronis Snap Deploy Man agement Agent: 1. Run the Acronis Snap Deploy setup prog ram 2. Click Install Acronis Snap Deploy Management Agent 3. Follow the Install Wizard i nstructions on the screen 4. The wizard will ask you for Acronis Lice nse Server .
32 © Acronis, Inc 3.12 Using Acroni s License Server This section does n ot describe steps of t he insta llation procedure. It contains general inform ation necessary for understanding Acronis License Server an d covers more operations with licenses than described in 3.
© Acronis, Inc 33 You have 10 server licenses and 5 workstation licenses Right-click on the column headings bar to choose th e details to display: Product Name, Serial Number, Import Date, Expiration Date and Total number of lic enses assigned to each serial number, as well as how many of them are avai lable (i.
34 © Acronis, Inc 3.12.3 Removing licenses To completely remove a license fr om the Acronis License Server, select it from the list of available licenses and click Remove License on the sidebar.
© Acronis, Inc 35 4. Using Acronis Snap Deploy Management Console 4.1 Connections 4.1.1 Connect to a local machine When started, Acroni s Snap Deploy Management Console connects to the l ocal machine if there is a manageable Acronis Snap Deploy component on this machine.
36 © Acronis, Inc Manage files – connect to Acronis Snap Deploy Management Agent Execute Applications - connect to Acronis Snap Deploy Management Agent.
© Acronis, Inc 37 To update an Acronis component on a r emote computer, perform the same procedure. 4.3 Browsing logs To view operation logs of t he Acronis OS Deploy Se rver or Acronis PXE Server , connect the console to the server. Logs are display ed in the lower part of the console window.
38 © Acronis, Inc 5. Creating Acronis boot able media Acronis Snap Deploy has three bootable components that can b oot and perform operations on any PC- compatible hardware, including bare metal and com puters with non-supported file systems.
© Acronis, Inc 39 No auto start - the Acroni s loader will display the boot menu and wait for someone to sel ect whether to boot the OS or one of th e Acronis components. Booting from HDD – the operating system, if present on the b ooting computer’s hard disk, will start after the specified time runs out.
40 © Acronis, Inc can slow down the deployment. If you choose to sa ve the agent’s log, the log will be availabl e on the deploy server in: Documents and Settings All UsersApplicat ion DataAcronisDeployServerAgentsLog s. 3. Select the type of bootable media to cr eate.
© Acronis, Inc 41 Acronis Snap Deploy bootable compon ents are based on Linux kernel and equipped with the Linux system and device drivers. Acronis regularly supplements the driv er set with drivers for new devices.
42 © Acronis, Inc 6. Configuring PXE Server You can access Acronis PXE serv er configuration in the following ways: - when creating Acronis bootable media - when creating bootable media for custom deployment mode - using direct server configuration. To perform the direct PXE server configuration: 1.
© Acronis, Inc 43 7. T aking an image To be able to deploy a system, you n eed to create the desired syste m configuration and save the image of the system hard disk on a n etwor k share, detachable or r emovable media. Acronis Snap Deploy also supports images taken with the Acronis True Image products f amily, including password protected images.
44 © Acronis, Inc Agent and create a master image using Acronis Ma ster Image Creator or the command line u tility in PE. The next sections describe imaging with Acronis Snap Deploy Management Agent and Acronis Master Image Creator. For information about imaging in PE please see 15.
© Acronis, Inc 45 While creating bootable media or uploading Acro nis Master Im age Creator to the PXE server , the image creator can be configured to start automatic ally on timeout. 6. The Master Image Creator est ablishes network co nnection to be able to save th e image on a network share.
46 © Acronis, Inc Master Image Creation Wizard: welcome windo w 8. In this window, click Next and go to step 7.5.1 Disks or partition s to image . 7.4 Starting online imaging Online imaging means that the master sy stem is imaged live (without reboot or suspending operations).
© Acronis, Inc 47 If your operating system and its loader reside on different partitions, always include both partitions in the image. The partition s must also be deployed together; otherwise there is a high risk that the operating system will n ot start.
48 © Acronis, Inc Selecting the image location 7.5.3 Setting options Set the options for creating the master image. 1. [OPTIONAL] Pass word for the image The preset is no passwor d. Protect the image with a password to prevent unauthorized deployment.
© Acronis, Inc 49 Selecting the data compression level 3. [FOR ONLINE IMAGING ONLY] Image creation priority The preset is Low . The priority of any process running in a system determines the am ount of CPU usage and sy stem resources allocated to that process.
50 © Acronis, Inc You also can select Fixed size and enter the desired file size or select it from the drop-down list. The image will then be split into multiple files of the sp ecified size. This comes in handy when creating an image that you plan to burn to multiple CD-R/RW, DVD-R/RW or D VD+R/RW later on.
© Acronis, Inc 51 8. Checking the master image To be assured that a mast er image is no t damaged, you can chec k its integrity. 1. Connect to a computer where Acronis S nap Deploy Management Agent is installed. 2. Select Check master image . 3. Follow the wizard’s instructio ns to select the image.
52 © Acronis, Inc 9. Deployment templates A deployment template is a set of configuration parameters of the deployment operation. Th is includes: 1. A path to the master image 2. The operation mode (multicast or unicast, how to handle the target disk free space etc .
© Acronis, Inc 53 - on DVD+R/RW, DVD-R/RW, CD-R/RW loaded in the deploy server media drive. The best practice is keeping images on the deploy server hard drive. This minimizes network traffic during deployment. The image created on rem ovable media has to fit into one media disk.
54 © Acronis, Inc Selecting a disk from the master image The further steps will depend on ho w many partitions you select. If you deploy one partition, it is assum ed that the ta rget disk has partitions and y ou will have to select the target partition, to deploy over it.
© Acronis, Inc 55 Selecting disk partitions to deploy 9.2.3 Target disk a nd partition selecti on Select the target disk for deployment. By default, the image will be deployed to the hard disk , which is specified in BIOS as number 1 (0 Х 80).
56 © Acronis, Inc When deploying a whole disk or multiple partitio ns, y ou will not see the target partition selection window. In this case, the target disk partitioning will not be preserved.
© Acronis, Inc 57 Naming the computers To generate unique names for target computers use wild cards as follows. {start} {1} This will generate names 1, 2, 3…N {start,count} {1,5} This will generate.
58 © Acronis, Inc 9.2.6 Network settings Configure the Internet Protocol (IP) settings for th e target computers. Y ou have options to preserve the master system networ k settings, to obtain IP addre.
© Acronis, Inc 59 9.2.7 Security identifiers Acronis Snap Deploy can generate uniqu e security id entifiers (SIDs) for the target computers. This option is normally enabled. The SID can remain unchanged if there is no computer with th e same SID in the same workgroup or domain.
60 © Acronis, Inc Acronis Universal Deploy will help you create a bo otable Windows clone on different hardware by automatically installing the necessary system drive rs. Use Acronis Universal Deploy when depl oying Windows to a computer with a dissimil ar processor, different mot herboard or other mass storag e device than in the imaged system.
© Acronis, Inc 61 Adding a driver repository 9.2.11 Deployment opti ons Select the options for the d eployment operation. You may sel ect Use default options or Set the options manually . If the latter is the case, the settings will be ap plied only to the current deployment template.
62 © Acronis, Inc The full list of deployment options Action after deployment The preset is Shutdown . Choose whether to turn off or restart the target c omputer after the deployment and all assoc iated operations, scheduled in this wizard (tran sferri ng files, executing application s) are completed.
© Acronis, Inc 63 Licensing Network utilization The preset is Multicast . You can choose the data transfer m ode for the deployment. With the Multic ast transfer mode , Acronis OS Deploy Server sends data to a group of recipien ts simultaneously.
64 © Acronis, Inc Adjusting network utilization Acronis Snap Deploy uses In ternet Group Management Protocol (I GMP) for the multicasting. Therefore, all the network hardware (routers and/ or switches) must be IGMP -capable and correctly configured.
© Acronis, Inc 65 MAC filtering 9.2.12 Comments and summary [OPTIONAL] It is recommended that yo u pro vide a template name and a comment for easy identification of the template. Type in a comment Check your settings in the summary window and click Save .
66 © Acronis, Inc The summary window.
© Acronis, Inc 67 10. S t andalone deployment Standalone deployment is deployment on a computer isolated from a network or included in a network without Acronis Snap Deploy infrastruc ture, to be ex ac t, without Acronis OS Deploy Server. St andalone deployment is performed locally using the bootable Acronis Standalone Utility.
68 © Acronis, Inc 6. Configure the deployment operation as described in 9.2.1 – 9.2.12. Note that the template cannot be saved because the standalone utility does not access the Acronis OS Deploy Server.
© Acronis, Inc 69 1 1. Manual deployment Manual deployment presumes that you first boot up the target computers and then apply the deployment template.
70 © Acronis, Inc While creating bootable media or uploading Acro nis Snap Deploy Agent on the PXE server, the agent can be configured to start automatically on timeout. 5. The agent has to establish network conn ection to be able to connect to Acronis OS Deploy Serv er.
© Acronis, Inc 71 6. When the Acronis Snap Deploy Agent st arts and the target computer is ready fo r deployment, the target computer displays: Acronis Snap Deploy Agent: ready for deployment The progress bar is frozen because th e computer is waiting for depl oyment.
72 © Acronis, Inc 3. Click Manual Deployment on the sidebar. 4. Select the computers to deploy to from the list of the connected c omputers. 5. Select the previously created deployment templa te or configure the deployment operation as described in 9.
© Acronis, Inc 73 12. Event-driven deployment Deployment can be configured to start wh en the predefined number of computers is ready. The Acronis OS Deploy Server counts how many comput ers have connected to the server and starts multicasting when the desired number of computers is reached.
74 © Acronis, Inc Triggering conditions for event-driven deployment 8. Select the previously created deployment templa te or configure the deployment operation as described in 9.2.1 – 9.2.12. 9. Review the deployment operation summary and click Proceed to commit the event-driven deployment.
© Acronis, Inc 75 11. As target computers connect to the deploy server, they appear in the upper list “Computers available for deployment” . While the deploy server is wai ting, you are able to: .
76 © Acronis, Inc 13. Scheduled deployment Deployment can be run on a schedule. Scheduling pr esumes that w hen the scheduled time comes, the program will power on the computers with predefined MAC addresses u sing the BIOS Wake On LAN (WOL) functionality.
© Acronis, Inc 77 Control Panel -> System -> Device Manager -> Net work adapters -> select the NIC -> Properties -> Advanced: Enable PME -> Enabled Wake On Link Settings -> OS Controlled Wake On Settings -> Wake On Magic Packet.
78 © Acronis, Inc 10. Select Wake-on-LAN. 11. The next window suggests that you tune the PXE ser ver to use with the deployment server y ou are connected to. The goal of this setting is to boot the woken machine into Acronis Sn ap Deploy Agent even if another component on th e PXE server is configured to start autom atically.
© Acronis, Inc 79 Triggering conditions for scheduled deployment 13. Select the deployment template. 14. Set up the deployment schedule: - One time only – the task will be execut ed once at the spe.
80 © Acronis, Inc Scheduled deployment in other subnet using Acronis WOL Proxy Steps: 1. Install Acronis Snap Deploy Management Console an d Acronis License Server. Import licenses to the license server. Install Acronis OS De ploy Server and Acronis PXE Server.
© Acronis, Inc 81 11. Import or type in the list of MAC addresses 12. Select Wake-on-LAN Proxy and type in the Acronis WOL Pr oxy’s IP address and the access credentials. Test the crede ntials. Specifying Acronis WOL Proxy 13. The next window suggests that you tune the PXE ser ver to use with the deployment server y ou are connected to.
82 © Acronis, Inc Once a deployment task is scheduled, it appears on the Sched uled Deployment Tasks tab. A task scheduled for periodical execution stays on the deploy server until you del ete it. A task scheduled for one-time execution will disappear as soon as the execution is c ompleted.
© Acronis, Inc 83 14. Custom deployment mode Acronis Snap Deploy can be configured i n such a wa y that user s will be able to deploy and re-deploy their computers with one click on the boot menu.
84 © Acronis, Inc The custom boot menu A user can start deployment with any of the t wo templates or boot into Windows To find the target template in custom boot menu te mplates list, press a letter key which corresponds to the first letter of the template name.
© Acronis, Inc 85 14. 3 Setting up the cu stom deploy ment mode Steps: 1. Install Acronis Snap Deploy Management Console an d Acronis License Server. Import licenses to the license server. Install Acronis OS De ploy Server and Acronis PXE Server. 2. Create bootable media with Acronis Master Image Creator.
86 © Acronis, Inc Acronis OS Deploy Server is in custom deployment mode 12. The Custom Deployment tab shows the status of deployment op erations performed on users ’ requests.
© Acronis, Inc 87 14. 4 Changing parameters of the custom deployment mode To change the templates or the boot menu password , used in the c ustom deployment mode, you will have to re-configure the custom deploy ment mode.
88 © Acronis, Inc 15. Command line and scripting under Win PE and Bart PE Windows Preinstallation Environment (Win PE) is a minimal Windows system based on the Windows XP Professional, the Windows Server 2003 or the Wi n dows Vista kernels.
© Acronis, Inc 89 The PE builder comes with Acronis Snap Deploy Management Conso le The PE Builder can add the Acronis Snap Deploy com mand line utility to a Bart PE, Win PE 1 .0 or Win PE 2.0 image. To be able to add the command lin e utility to a Win PE 2.
90 © Acronis, Inc Specify path to the destination folder of Bart PE builder 4. Specify the full path to the resulting file including the file name. 5. Check your settings in the summary screen and click Proceed . 6. Burn the .ISO to CD or DVD using a third-party to ol or copy to a flash drive.
© Acronis, Inc 91 6. Do one of the following, depending on your choice in step 5: Specify path to the I386 folder or Specify path to the Windows AIK folder 7. Check your settings in the summary scr een and click Proceed . A PE image based on Win PE 2.
92 © Acronis, Inc deploy Deploys disks and partitions, including the MBR, from an image /filename:[file name] /password:[password] /net_user:[username] /net_password:[password] /oss_numbers /reboot /.
© Acronis, Inc 93 /differential Set the image type to differential . If not specified or there is no ba sic full image, a full image will be created Any /compression:[0…9] Specify the data compression level.
94 © Acronis, Inc /partition:[partition number] Specifies the partitions to include into the image file. The list of available partitions is provided by /list .
© Acronis, Inc 95 /type:[active | primary | logical] Sets the deployed partition to act ive, primary or logical, if possible (for example, there cannot be more than four primary partition s on the disk.) Setting a partition to ac tive always sets it to primary, while a partition set to primary may stay inactive.
96 © Acronis, Inc list /filename:[file_name] With this option, the image content i s displayed. When listing image content, p artition numbers may not coincide with those in the drives/partitions list, if the image does not contain all the disk partitions.
© Acronis, Inc 97 Sample script: setlocal SET IMG_PATH=image_serverimages SET TMP_DRV_LETTER=h: net use %TMP_DRV_LETTER% %IMG_PATH% echo off for /f "tokens=1-13 delims= " %%a in ('ipco.
98 © Acronis, Inc net use %TMP_DRV_LETTER% %IMG_PATH% echo off for /f "tokens=1-13 delims= " %%a in ('ipconfig /all') do ( IF %%a EQU Physical ( for /f "tokens=1-3 delims= " %%a in ('echo %%l') do ( echo IMAGE FILE: %%a.
© Acronis, Inc 99 16. Managing a remote computer 16.1 File management on a remote computer The following operations with files and folders ar e av ailable on remote computers through Acronis Snap Dep.
100 © Acr onis, Inc Create folder Select the target folder -> Create new folder -> Type in the new folder name -> OK . Copy file or folder to clipboard Select the file or folder -> Copy . You can copy files and folders on the remote comput er and paste them to your local machine and vice versa.
© Acronis, Inc 101 Start parameters Manually later – the task will be saved, but not launched autom atically. You will be able to launch it later One time only – the task will be executed once at.
102 © Acr onis, Inc After the specified period of time elapsed: Set the time interval betw een executing application Daily – the task will be executed once a day or once in several da ys Weekly –.
© Acronis, Inc 103 Executing application is scheduled You can run, edit, rename or delete th e task using the toolbar butt ons. Editing is performed in the same way as creation, ho wever, the earli er selected options will be set, so you only have to enter the changes.
Een belangrijk punt na aankoop van elk apparaat Acronis Snap Deloy for Workstation (of zelfs voordat je het koopt) is om de handleiding te lezen. Dit moeten wij doen vanwege een paar simpele redenen:
Als u nog geen Acronis Snap Deloy for Workstation heb gekocht dan nu is een goed moment om kennis te maken met de basisgegevens van het product. Eerst kijk dan naar de eerste pagina\'s van de handleiding, die je hierboven vindt. Je moet daar de belangrijkste technische gegevens Acronis Snap Deloy for Workstation vinden. Op dit manier kan je controleren of het apparaat aan jouw behoeften voldoet. Op de volgende pagina's van de handleiding Acronis Snap Deloy for Workstation leer je over alle kenmerken van het product en krijg je informatie over de werking. De informatie die je over Acronis Snap Deloy for Workstation krijgt, zal je zeker helpen om een besluit over de aankoop te nemen.
In een situatie waarin je al een beziter van Acronis Snap Deloy for Workstation bent, maar toch heb je de instructies niet gelezen, moet je het doen voor de hierboven beschreven redenen. Je zult dan weten of je goed de alle beschikbare functies heb gebruikt, en of je fouten heb gemaakt die het leven van de Acronis Snap Deloy for Workstation kunnen verkorten.
Maar de belangrijkste taak van de handleiding is om de gebruiker bij het oplossen van problemen te helpen met Acronis Snap Deloy for Workstation . Bijna altijd, zal je daar het vinden Troubleshooting met de meest voorkomende storingen en defecten #MANUAl# samen met de instructies over hun opplosinge. Zelfs als je zelf niet kan om het probleem op te lossen, zal de instructie je de weg wijzen naar verdere andere procedure, bijv. door contact met de klantenservice of het dichtstbijzijnde servicecentrum.
