Gebruiksaanwijzing /service van het product 920 GPS van de fabrikant II Morrow Inc.
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History of Revisions October 1993 Original Release October 1993 Revision 01 December 1993 Revision 02 June 1994 Revision 03 December 1994 Revision 04 Ordering Information This manual covers software version 3.0 or greater. To receive additional copies of this publication, order part #560-0101-04, Apollo Handheld GPS Receiver User’s Guide .
Important Notice The Apollo handheld GPS receiver is intended for use as a navigation aid. In aviation applications, the receiver should be used to complement certified navigation instruments already installed in the aircraft. This device is not intended for use as a primary or sole source of navigation information in aviation applications.
The use of portable GPS receivers in aircraft falls under FAR 91.21 for Portable Electronic Devices for operations conducted under FAR part 91 Operating Rules Only. It is the responsibility of the aircraft operator to ensure that the device does not interfere with other systems in the aircraft.
Germany It is hereby certified that the Model 920 GPS handheld has been suppressed in accordance with the provisions for the BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991. The correct operation of some equipment (for example, test transmitters) in accordance with the regulations may be subject to certain restrictions.
Table of Contents Page Section A - Introduction to Satellite Navigation . A-1 What is GPS? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 What Does the GPS Receiver Do? . . . . . . . . . . A-1 How Does GPS Work? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Zooming In or Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-14 Auto Zoom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-16 Orthographic Navigation Screen . . . . . . . . . . B-17 Other Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-17 Creating Waypoints .
Time and Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-4 Screen and Beeper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-5 Map Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-6 Declutter Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-7 Track Point History .
Entering GPS Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-29 GPS Overlay Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-29 Approach Waypoint Identifiers . . . . . . . . . D-29 Runway Centerline Extensions . . . . . . . . . D-31 Runway Centerline Waypoint Identifiers .
Section H - Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-1 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Back Cover V.
Notes:.
Section A - Introduction to Satellite Navigation What is GPS? The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a constellation of 24 satellites in six orbit lanes 10,898nm above the earth.
Depending on the relative position of the satellites to one another, their elevation above the horizon, and other factors, the accuracy of the position fix can change. Under ideal conditions, the position can be accurate to within 10 meters. In general, a GPS receiver position fix is accurate to within 100 meters.
Section B - Getting Started This section explains how to get started using the Apollo handheld GPS receiver. Information in this section explains how to: understand the keys on the keypad enter a dest.
Switching the Display Backlight On and Off The Apollo handheld GPS receiver is equipped with a display backlight, allowing you to view the display in low light conditions. Press the MENU/ PWR key to access the main menu. A symbol in the upper right of the screen indicates battery capacity.
The NEW WPT Key Use the NEW WPT key to create a new waypoint at anytime. The created waypoint can be the present position or enter latitude and longitude coordinates to create a “customized” user waypoint. The INFO Key Use the INFO key to view information about any waypoint in memory, whether user created or from the included database.
The ARROW Keys Use the ARROW keys to move around the display, select menu items, and make changes. The ENTER Key Use the ENTER key to “tell” the receiver to accept a selection from any menu or to acknowledge messages on the display. Calling the Navigation Screens You can quickly call the navigation screens to view navigation progress anytime.
Helpful Instructions o n the Display When selecting options from menus or acknowledging messages, the Apollo handheld GPS receiver shows you what to do. Helpful instructions typically appear on the top and bottom lines of the display. A highlighted, or darkened word in an instruction advises you of which key to press to select an option.
Entering a Seed Position The first time the Apollo handheld GPS receiver is switched on, it must locate satellites in the sky from which to acquire signals before determining a position fix. This is a slow process, involving complex, lengthy mathematical operations and can take 30 minutes or more to complete.
It is not necessary to enter minutes or hundredths of a minute values. Set the date. Use the ARROW keys to select and set the current month, day and year. Set the time. Use the ARROW keys to select and set local time. Set the difference between local time and UTC time.
Entering a Destination Waypoint Press the GOTO/ NRST key to select a destination waypoint. The destination waypoint screen shows on the display . Use the ARROW keys to select and change each character o f t h e destination waypoint identifier. You can also select and change the type of destination waypoint: airport, NDB, VOR, INT, or user created.
When the desired waypoint shows on the display, press the ENTER key to set the waypoint as the destination. Searching for Nearest Waypoints To search for the nearest waypoints to your present position, press the GOTO/ NRST key twice.
When the desired waypoint is selected, press the ENTER key to set the waypoint as the destination. Navigating to a Destination Once a destination waypoint is entered, view your navigation progress using the navigation screens. These screens contain all the information you need to navigate to a destination.
Numeric Navigation Screens The numeric navigation screens contain precise navigation information in number form. This is a numeric navigation screen. It shows: the destination waypoint distance to the.
This numeric screen is similar to the previous screen with the following exceptions: desired track (DTK) replaces ground speed estimated time of arrival (ETA) replaces range UTC (or LOC if local time offset is entered), in 24 hour format, replaces estimated time en route.
Moving Map Screens One of the most attractive features of the Apollo handheld GPS receiver is its ability to show moving map navigation screens. The moving map screens graphically show your navigation progress against a map of nearest waypoints. You can select from several different moving map screens.
This moving map screen shows the navigation data in each corner. This screen includes: the destination waypoint (upper left corner) bearing to the destination waypoint (upper right corner) distance to.
Here are some examples of how zooming works: This screen shows a 20 nautical mile scale selection. A distance of 20 nautical miles exists from the airplane icon (near waypoint SLE) to the top of the screen. Selecting a smaller map scale reveals additional detail, such as runways.
Auto Zoom The auto zoom feature changes the moving map scale automatically. While navigating, auto zoom adjusts the map scale to zoom in closer and closer as you approach the destination waypoint. When traveling away from a waypoint, auto zoom adjusts the map scale to zoom out as the distance from the waypoint increases.
Orthographic Navigation Screen When the Apollo handheld GPS receiver is set for use in marine applications, the orthographic navigation screen is available. This screen shows the destination waypoint ahead and clearly indicates course deviation left or right.
Creating Waypoints In addition to the included database of waypoints, the Apollo handheld GPS receiver allows you to create and store up to 2,000 of your own waypoints. You can use your present position as a waypoint, or create waypoints based upon latitude and longitude coordinates.
Creating User Waypoints Press the NEW WPT key. The waypoint creating screen shows on the display. Use the ARROW keys to select and change the waypoint identifier and/or position.
Using the Navigation Simulator Once you have become comfortable with basic operation of the receiver, you may wish to use the built in navigation simulator to practice navigating without actually traveling. As you practice, you may wish to refer to Section D which contains information about additional features of the Apollo handheld GPS receiver.
Use the LEFT or RIGHT ARROW keys to select “Simulator.” Then press the ENTER key. You can select the speed of simulated travel from 0 to 900 units. All receiver options are available while using the simulator. When you finish using the simulator, change the operation mode to a different setting to use the receiver for actual navigation.
Section D contains information about other available operation modes. B 22.
Section C - The Waypoint Database To aid the navigator, extensive databases of information are available for the Apollo handheld GPS receiver. Aviation databases provide waypoint information for airports (ARPT), non-directional beacons (NDB), very high frequency omnirange (VOR), GPS overlay approaches, and enroute and terminal intersections (INT).
Available Waypoint Information The following information is available for each waypoint category. ARPT Waypoint Information geographic location airport type airport elevation fuel availability by type.
NDB Waypoint Information geographic location operating frequency distance from present position bearing from present position latitude/longitude coordinates DME available class (high/low/terminal) INT.
Viewing Waypoint Information Waypoint information is always available when you press the INFO key. Unless you choose differently, information shows for the current destination waypoint. However, you can easily view information for other waypoints. Follow these examples.
Nearest Waypoint Information You can view information about the nearest waypoints. Press the GOTO/ NRST key twice to search for the nearest waypoints. Use the UP or DOWN ARROW keys to select a waypoint. Press the INFO key to view waypoint information.
Scanning Waypoints for Information While navigating using the moving map screens, you can easily scan nearby waypoints for information. Press the ENTER key repeatedly to select any waypoint on the screen. The selected waypoint identifier shows as highlighted, or darkened.
Section D - Advanced Features This section explains how to use advanced features of the Apollo handheld GPS receiver to enable you to gain maximum benefit of its powerful capabilities.
Navigation is not interrupted while accessing menu options. Use the UP or DOWN ARROW keys to select menu options. The arrow marker shows the currently selected option.
Return to Nav The "Return to Nav" option is automatically selected when the main menu is called, allowing you to conveniently return to the navigation screen previously in use. Select this option when you finish using the main menu, or anytime you wish to return to the navigation screen in use before the main menu was called.
WGS 1984 is the most recent datum and should normally be used unless you plan to navigate with a chart that was created using an older datum. In this case, you may wish to select the datum used to create the chart. The simulator mode allows you to practice navigating without actually traveling.
Time information is lost in about 10 minutes if power is removed from the receiver. Replace weak batteries promptly or connect the receiver to external power to avoid losing and having to re-enter this information.
The backlight requires extra power to operate. To extend battery life, keep the display backlight off or use the “lo” setting. The contrast setting changes the contrast of the display.
This example shows a moving map screen with the route path and airspaces selected to show. Zoomed in on the moving map, the route function clearly shows course deviation. Personal preference dictates how to use these options to their best advantage. Declutter Maps This option controls which waypoints show on the moving map navigation screens.
Whether or not the identifiers show, you can scan waypoints on the moving map screens for information as Section C describes. This option also controls which types of waypoints appear in the list after a search for nearest waypoints. These settings are important! Only the types of waypoints you choose will show in the nearest waypoint list.
When track history is “on,” points are stored in memory. Your track history is displayed on the moving map screens as a series of dots indicating the stored point.
The screen shows you how much memory space is used for track point storage. If you wish to empty the memory of track points, select “clear?” and choose “yes.” Arrival Alerts This option controls whether or not and when the receiver should alert you of arrival at a destination waypoint.
If you choose airspace alerts, you can select: whether or not alert messages are issued the type of message - Class B and C, Special Use (Restricted, Danger), or All the radius distance from the airsp.
of an airspace you are flying over is 4,000 feet, an airspace message (if selected) occurs when the GPS altitude is at or below 5,000 feet. CDI Scale This option controls operation of the course deviation alert and allows you to set the CDI scale units to your preference.
Parallel Track With this option, you can set a parallel track course to a destination. Useful in aviation applications where busy air corridors may dictate a parallel track, this option sets the receiver to navigate a course with a selectable course deviation distance left or right.
Magnetic Variation This option allows you to override automatic magnetic variation and manually enter a variation value. This is normally not required for navigation anywhere in the world except near the poles, where magnetic variation is the greatest.
Countdown Time The Apollo handheld GPS receiver includes a countdown timer. Use this option to enter a time of up to 60 minutes. After starting the timer, the receiver will sound the beeper and show a message on the display when the entered time has elapsed.
distance: nm/kts; sm/mph; km/kph altitude: feet; meters LAT/LON: d-m.mmm; d-m-S. (where d=degrees, m=minutes, and s=seconds of latitude or longitude) Serial Outputs The Apollo handheld GPS receiver is equipped with a serial data port for communication with external serial devices.
If the device has a serial port with a different connector, you need to purchase the correct connector and attach it to the cable. See “Making External Connections” at the back of this section for information on properly connecting the serial cable.
Battery Check This option provides a graphic indication of battery condition on a scale from “Low” to “Full.” The combined voltage of the six AA batteries is indicated at the bottom center of the screen. Also, a small battery symbol is shown at the top of the main menu indicating the battery capacity.
User Waypoint Management This option allows you to manage the database of user waypoints. You can edit or delete waypoints as your area of travel or other requirements change.
Edit the waypoint information as required. Press the ENTER key to save the waypoint information. Select “Del” to delete a waypoint from memory. Use the UP or DOWN ARROW keys to select the waypoint to delete. Press the ENTER key to delete the waypoint.
System Information This option shows the current operating software version number and indicates the waypoint database region, date, and version number. No settings can be changed. Setting Up Multiple Leg Trips The Apollo handheld GPS receiver has the ability to store up to 20 reversible trip plans or “routes” in memory.
The route screen shows the status and up to the first four waypoints of each route, as well as the desired track and distance between consecutive waypoints. With “NXT RTE” highlighted, use the ENTER key to view each route. Routes not in use are “Off.
As you add waypoints, the route screen shows the bearing to each waypoint and the distance between them. When you finish inserting waypoints into the route, select “Done” and press the ENTER key to save the route in memory. Changing a Route Waypoint You may change any waypoint along a route.
Adding a Route Waypoint You may add waypoints to any route. Add waypoints to a route by inserting them into the route. Select the route from the route menu into which you wish to insert waypoints.
Deleting Route Waypoints To delete waypoints from a route, select the route from the route menu from which you wish to delete waypoints. Then, select “Edit” as if creating a route. Use the UP or DOWN ARROW keys to move the marker arrow to the waypoint you wish to delete.
Starting a Route When you are ready to navigate a route, it must be started. Only one route may be started at any time. Select the route you wish to start from the route menu. Select “Start” to start the route. You may choose to navigate the route in either direction.
“Holding” a route leaves the route active, but stops destination waypoint updating. Stop or hold the active route by selecting it from the route menu. Press and hold the ENTER key to quickly select the active route. Select “Stop” to stop or hold the route.
Route “Direct To” During navigation of a route, you may wish to bypass one or more waypoints and proceed directly to a destination waypoint. The route “Direct To” option allows you to do this. Select the active route from the route menu. Then, select “Edit” as if creating a route.
Entering GPS Approaches GPS Approaches and Extended Runway Centerlines are available with software version 3.0 or greater. This feature allows pilots to select an approach and automatically insert approach waypoints into the route. GPS Overlay Approaches Software version 3.
course to the way point is used (e.g., FF323). These are also the same identifiers that appear on approach charts modified for GPS overlay approach use. Each GPS overlay approach consists of two or more waypoints. These waypoints are: CF*** - final approach course fix (e.
NOT included in the overlay approaches are: initial approach fixes (may be inserted manually) procedure turns or holding points altitude step down fixes missed approach holding point (may be inserted .
Runway Centerline Waypoint Identifiers Each runway centerline extension consists of two waypoints. These waypoints are: EX*** - extended runway centerline waypoint four miles from the runway end (e.g., EX04 or EX21L) RW*** - missed approach point at a runway end (e.
Press the RIGHT ARROW key to highlight EDIT, then press ENTER. The destination airport must be the last waypoint in the route. Press the DOWN ARROW key until the arrow cursor is at the blank line past the airport. Press the RIGHT ARROW key to highlight APPROACH, then press ENTER.
Press ENTER to insert the waypoints. The destination airport is deleted and the approach waypoints take its place. Now you can delete any unwanted waypoints, or add waypoints such as an Initial Approach Fix. With DONE highlighted, press ENTER and then you can start the route.
Checking Satellite Signal Strength The satellite signal strength screen shows information about signals being received from the GPS satellites. Information shown on the screen includes: the number of .
The screen also shows that the signal from satellite 6 is the weakest received. The satellite is currently located at an elevation of 41° from a horizon azimuth of 341° and is being tracked by the receiver. Use the LEFT or RIGHT ARROW keys to check signal strengths from other received satellites.
Airspace Alert Message The airspace alert message shows on the display when you approach or penetrate an airspace. To disable airspace alert messages, use the Airspace Alert option in the Main Menu. Arrival Alert Message The arrival alert message shows on the display when you are within the arrival radius of t h e destination waypoint.
Low Battery Alert Message The low battery alert message shows on the display when battery voltage falls below 6 volts. The low battery alert message cannot be disabled. No Position Alert Message The no position alert message shows on the display if the position fix is lost or cannot be calculated for any reason.
Parallel Track Alert Message The parallel track alert message shows on the display to remind you that the parallel track option is enabled. To disable the parallel track alert message, use the Parallel Track option in the Main Menu.
Current Messages The current messages screen shows alert messages that remain valid after being acknowledged. You can review these messages from any navigation screen by pressing the UP or DOWN ARROW keys to display the current messages screen. To view all messages, press the ENTER key.
To connect the unit to an external power source, plug the included power cable into the connector labeled “Power.” Connect the cable to a 6VDC to 32VDC power source. Note that the unit will use external power if the voltage from the external source is higher than the internal battery voltage.
To connect the unit to an external serial device, use the optional serial data cable. Make connections as shown. Serial Data Port Serial Data Input (Red) Seria l Data Out pu t (Blue) Diffe rential GPS.
Section E - Differential GPS Operation What is Differential GPS? Differential GPS, or DGPS, is a method by which the inherent degree of error in a GPS position fix may be greatly reduced.
Using Differential GPS In order to use DGPS, you must purchase a marine DGPS receiver capable of transmitting RTCM-104 differential GPS data at 9600 bits per second.
Section F - Care of the GPS Receiver Very little effort is required to care for the Apollo handheld GPS receiver. Its rugged construction and quality design will yield years of trouble-free use. Treat the receiver as you would any piece of electronic equipment.
For the best service life, use nickel cadmium rechargeable or alkaline batteries in the receiver. Cleaning the GPS Receiver Use a soft cloth and a mild soap solution to clean the case exterior if it should become soiled. Dry with a soft cloth. Avoid use of harsh solvents or abrasive cleaners.
Section G - Glossary of Terms Used in this Guide ALT (GPS Altitude): Altitude, as calculated by the GPS receiver, based upon a mathematical model of the earth’s surface curvature. A substantial difference between this altitude value and altitude referenced to sea level may exist.
Course: The planned direction of travel in a horizontal plane. Course Deviation: A measurement of distance left or right from the desired course of travel. CDI (Course Deviation Indicator): A graphic indicator of course deviation typically shown as a graduated horizontal bar with an icon indicating the deviation distance left or right of course.
DTK (Desired Track): The desired course of navigation between a point of origin and a destination waypoint. Elevation: The altitude above ground. Fix: A geographical location determined by either visual reference or by electronic navigation aids. GPS (Global Positioning System): Also known as NAVSTAR.
vehicle, a human stick figure, or an “X” depending on the selected operation mode. Identifier: A name, typically abbreviated, assigned to a waypoint. The identifier may consist of numbers and alpha characters, up to six in length. For example, the airport identifier for Los Angeles International Airport is LAX.
concentrate. A magnetic compass points to the magnetic north. Mag Var (Magnetic Variation): The angle between the magnetic and true north. It differs at various points on the earth due to local magnetic disturbances.
NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association): The group responsible for defining and maintaining serial data format standards for marine electronic navigation devices.
Seed Position: A latitude and longitude position fix approximately equal to the present position which the GPS receiver uses to determine the location of available satellites from which signals may be received. Statute Mile: A distance measurement equal to 5,280 feet or 0.
UTC (Universal Coordinated Time): Greenwich Mean Time, or the time at the Prime Meridian in Greenwich, England. Also referred to as Zulu time. UTC Differential: The difference in time between that at the present position and UTC.
Index A Airspace, showing on display D-6 Airspaces, nearest D-40 Alert messages D-36 Alert, acknowledgement of D-36 Alert, airspace D-37 Alert, arrival D-37 Alert, countdown time expired D-15 Alert, c.
B Backlight settings D-5 Batteries, recommended types F-2 Batteries, replacing D-5, F-1 Battery check D-2, D-18 Battery level B-2 Beeper, message D-5, D-36 BRG B-11 C Care, GPS receiver F-1 CDI scale .
D Database B-3, B-18, C-1, D-19, D-21 Database categories C-2, C-4 Date, setting the B-7 Datum, map D-3 - D-4 Declutter maps D-2, D-7 Desired track B-12 Destination waypoint C-4 Destination waypoint, .
F Function keys B-10 G Glossary of terms G-A GOTO waypoint C-4 GPS A-1 GPS altitude A-2 GPS approaches D-29 GPS overlay approach D-29 Ground speed B-11, B-13 GS B-11 I Icon B-15 Identifier, waypoint B.
M Magnetic variation D-2, D-14 Magnetic variation, manual setting D-14 Main menu B-2, B-4, B-6, D-1 Main menu options B-5, D-2 Main menu, calling the D-1 Maintenance, GPS receiver F-1 - F-2 Map setups.
O Operation mode D-2 - D-4 Operation mode, applications A-2, B-17, B-20, B-22 Orthographic navigation screen B-10, B-17 P Parallel track D-2, D-13 Position, accuracy A-2 Power source, external B-1, D-.
Route, starting a D-26 Route, stopping or holding D-26 Route, stopping or holding a D-27 Routes, inserting approaches D-32 Runway centerline extensions D-31 Runway centerline waypoints D-32 S Scale, m.
T Time and place B-6 - B-7, D-2, D-4 Time, current B-6 Time, local and UTC difference B-7 Time, setting the B-7 Time, UTC D-4 TK B-13 Track B-13 Track point history D-2, D-8 Track points, empty storag.
W Waypoint B-18 Waypoint identifiers, approach D-29 Waypoint identifiers, runway centerline D-32 Waypoint information B-3, B-8 - B-9, C-2, C-4 - C-5 Waypoint management D-2, D-19 Waypoint, delete D-20.
Apollo Handheld GPS Receiver Specifications Display: 64 X 128 pixel backlighted LCD Size: 3.7" wide X 7.8" high X 2.0" deep Weight: 1.45 lbs.
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